源码编译安装LNMP并部署WordPress(详细步骤)-花花博客

与YUM方式安装相比，源码编译安装方式更灵活，安装过程中能自定义功能和参数，特别是在批量部署服务器又要求软件版本及配置一致时，源码编译安装的优势很明显。本文介绍如何通过源码编译方式安装Nginx1.18 + MySQL8.0 + PHP7.4并部署WordPress。

源码编译安装当然也有缺点，一是需要解决软件包依赖问题，对新手来讲有一定的难度，二是编译耗时较长，需要耐心等待。爱好技术，喜欢折腾的朋友可以好好研究一下编译安装，这对提升技术能力很有帮助。

环境信息

系统、软件版本windows物理机Windows 10Linux（虚拟机）CentOS 7.9VMware WorkStationVMware WorkStation 16 proNginxNginx 1.18.0MySQLMySQL 8.0.23PHPPHP 7.4.19WordPressWordPress 5.7CMakeCMake 3.18.6GCCGCC7.3.0

操作步骤

在Linux上通过源码编译方式安装LNMP并部署WordPress的安装流程如下所示： ①下载软件 → ②配置编译环境 → ③安装与配置MySQL → ④安装与配置NGINX → ⑤安装与配置PHP → ⑥安装WordPress前的准备 → ⑦安装WordPress。

步骤一：下载软件

1、在Linux服务器上下载相关软件，为编译安装做准备，也可以在本地电脑下载软件然后上传到Linux服务器上，本文选择在Linux服务器直接下载软件。新建software目录，下载的软件全部存放到software目录

mkdir /opt/software #新建目录 cd /opt/software #下载MySQL 8.0.23 wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-boost-8.0.23.tar.gz –no-check-certificate #下载Nginx 1.18.0 wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz #下载PHP 7.4.19 wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.19.tar.gz #下载WordPress 5.7 wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.7-zh_CN.tar.gz #下载CMake 3.18.6 wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.18/cmake-3.18.6.tar.gz –no-check-certificate #下载GCC 7.3.0 wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/gcc/gcc-7.3.0/gcc-7.3.0.tar.gz #下载ISL-0.18wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.18.tar.bz2

步骤二：配置编译环境

1、安装依赖包编译安装需要安装相关开发工具软件，例如CMake、gcc、gcc-c++等。

yum -y install epel-release #安装扩展软件仓库 yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison ncurses ncurses-devel libaio-devel openssl openssl-devel gmp gmp-devel mpfr mpfr-devel libmpc libmpc-devel libxml2-devel sqlite-devel libcurl-devel oniguruma-devel libpng-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libzip-devel bzip2

2、升级CMake 通过YUM安装的CMake版本为2.8.12，不能满足MySQL8.0数据库的编译要求，需要升级CMake版本至3.4.3或以上，本文以升级到3.18.6版本为例。

2.1 解压CMake并进入CMake目录。

cd /opt/softwaretar -zxvf cmake-3.18.6.tar.gz cd cmake-3.18.6

2.2 升级CMake

./bootstrap

2.3 编译CMake

make -j 4

说明： -j 4 参数充分利用多核CPU优势，加快编译速度，参数-j后数字为CPU核数，可用 cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l 进行查看，此数值应小于等于CPU核数。

2.4 安装CMake

make -j 4 install

2.5 确认CMake的版本是否为3.18.6。

[root@Linux cmake-3.18.6]# /usr/local/bin/cmake –version cmake version 3.18.6 CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

3、升级GCC

说明：通过YUM安装的GCC版本较老，需要升级GCC版本至5.3或以上，本文以升级到7.3.0版本为例。

3.1 升级ISL 升级GCC之前需要将ISL升级到0.15或以上，否则升级GCC会报错，无法升级到7.3.0，本文以升级ISL到0.18为例。

解压ISL并进入ISL目录

cd /opt/softwaretar -jxvf isl-0.18.tar.bz2cd isl-0.18mkdir buildcd build

配置

../configure –prefix=/usr/local/isl-0.18

编译

make -j 4

安装

make -j 4 install

3.2 升级GCC 解压GCC文件并进入GCC目录

cd /opt/softwaretar -zxvf gcc-7.3.0.tar.gzcd gcc-7.3.0

配置

./configure –prefix=/usr –mandir=/usr/share/man –infodir=/usr/share/info –enable-bootstrap –with-isl=/usr/local/isl-0.18 –disable-multilib

参数说明：

–perfix=PATH：指定GCC软件安装目录。默认路径/usr

–mandir=PATH：指定GCC软件文档目录。默认路径/usr/share/man

–infodir=PATH：指定GCC软件日志信息目录。默认路径/usr/share/info

–enable-bootstrap：指定启用bootstrap方式安装。

编译GCC（编译时间较长，请耐心等待编译完成。）

make -j 4

安装GCC

make -j 4 install

确认GCC的版本是否为7.3.0。

[root@Linux gcc-7.3.0]# gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gccCOLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Configured with: ./configure –prefix=/usr –mandir=/usr/share/man –infodir=/usr/share/info –enable-bootstrap–with-isl=/usr/local/isl-0.18 –disable-multilib Thread model: posix gcc version 7.3.0 (GCC)

步骤三：安装与配置MySQL

1、安装MySQL 1.1、清理环境如果您的系统中已经安装了MySQL或者MariaDB，请卸载MySQL和MariaDB数据库后再安装MySQL8.0。命令如下：

rpm -qa | grep mysql* # 查询是否安装了 mysqlrpm -e –nodeps mysql* # 卸载mysql rpm -qa | grep mariadb* # 查询是否安装了MariaDB rpm -e –nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 # 卸载MariaDB

1.2、创建用户组和用户创建用户组mysql

groupadd mysql

创建用户mysql，添加到mysql用户组，不允许登录操作系统

useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

1.3、目录规划并创建目录 MySQL的目录规划：MySQL数据库的根目录设置为：/usr/local/mysql，data子目录存放数据文件，conf子目录存放配置文件，log子目录存放日志。创建目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/datamkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/confmkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/log

1.4、解压MySQL并进入源码文件夹

cd /opt/softwaretar -zxvf mysql-boost-8.0.23.tar.gzcd mysql-8.0.23

1.5、配置MySQL选项。新建编译目录build并进入目录

mkdir /opt/software/mysql-8.0.23/buildcd build

配置MySQL选项

cmake .. \ -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/conf \ -DTMPDIR=/tmp \ -DWITH_BOOST=/opt/software/mysql-8.0.23/boost/boost_1_73_0

1.6、编译MySQL

make -j 4

编译完成后测试

make test

1.7、安装MySQL

make -j 4 install

查看数据库版本

[root@Linux build]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql –version /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.23 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)

1.8、新建my.cnf配置文件

vim /usr/local/mysql/conf/my.cnf

配置文件内容如下：

[mysqld_safe] log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log [mysqldump] quick [mysql] no-auto-rehashsocket=/tmp/mysql.sock [client] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock tmpdir=/tmpdata dir=/usr/local/mysql/data default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password character-set-server=utf8mb4 port=3306 user=mysql

1.9、MySQL目录授权

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chmod -R 750 /usr/local/mysql/

1.10、数据库初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld \ –initialize –user=mysql \ –basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ \ –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

输出信息

[root@Linux conf]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ 2021-05-26T22:44:54.654100Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.23) initializing of server in progress as process 46206 2021-05-26T22:44:54.664214Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2021-05-26T22:44:55.250186Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2021-05-26T22:44:56.717990Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: eagg5tQuN/B1

记住root用户的初始密码 eagg5tQuN/B1

初始化不成功如何重新初始化？删除 data目录下的所有目录和文件再执行初始化操作

rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/* /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

1.11、配置MySQL加入systemctl管理服务创建mysqld.service文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

mysqld.service文件的内容如下：

[Unit] Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev/mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –defaults- file=/usr/local/mysql/conf/my.cnf LimitNOFILE=65536 LimitNPROC=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

通过systemctl管理MySQL

systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载系统服务 systemctl start mysqld #启动MySQL systemctl status mysqld #查看MySQL状态 systemctl enable mysqld #MySQL加入开机自启动

1.12、更改root密码连接MySQL Server

mysql -uroot -p #输入root的初始密码

更改root用户的密码

mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY Your@pass2021;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

2、配置MySQL 2.1、创建wordpress数据库供wordpress程序使用。

mysql> create database wordpress;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

2.2、创建数据库用户wordpress并授权，wordpress程序使用wordpress用户连接数据库。创建wordpress用户

CREATE USER wordpress@localhost IDENTIFIED BY Your@pass2021;

授权wordpress @localhost用户对数据库wordpress具有完全访问权限

GRANT ALL privileges ON wordpress.* TO wordpress @localhost;

设置wordpress用户的密码永不过期

ALTER USER wordpress@localhost PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

刷新权限并退出。

flush privileges; exit;

步骤四：安装与配置NGINX

1、解压并进入目录

cd /opt/software tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.18.0

2、创建用户组和用户创建用户组nginx

groupadd nginx

创建用户nginx，添加到mysql用户组，不允许登录操作系统

useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false nginx

3、生成编译需要的配置文件执行以下命令

./configure \ –prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ –user=nginx \ –group=nginx \ –with-threads \ –with-file-aio \ –with-http_ssl_module \ –with-http_realip_module \ –with-http_gzip_static_module

4、编译Nginx

make -j 4

5、安装Ningx

make -j 4 install

6、Nginx加入Systemctl管理服务创建nginx.service文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

nginx.service文件的内容如下：

[Unit] Description=nginx web server Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/ After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

7、Nginx目录授权

chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx chmod -R 750 /usr/local/nginx

8、配置nginx.conf

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

第1行user nobody修改为user nginx 第9行 #pid logs/nginx.pid 删除#号注释符 :wq保存退出

9、启动Nginx并将Nginx服务加入开机自启动

systemctl start nginx #启动nginx systemctl status nginx #查看nginx运行状态 systemctl enable nginx #nginx加入开机自启动

10、（可选）设置环境变量配置好环境变量就能使用nginx命令，例如：nginx -t nginx -v

vim /etc/profile

在export PATH= 这行最后面添加 :/usr/local/nginx/sbin 添加后的配置如下：

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin

使环境变量生效

source /etc/profile

11、验证Nginx是否安装成功看到如下输出，代表Nginx安装成功。

[root@Linux software]# curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href=”http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href=”http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>

步骤五：安装与配置PHP

1、解压PHP并进入目录

cd /opt/softwaretar -zxvf php-7.4.19.tar.gzcd php-7.4.19

2、生成配置文件（参数可根据实际情况增减）

./configure \ –prefix=/usr/local/php \ –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ –with-fpm-user=nginx \ –with-fpm-group=nginx \ –with-curl \ –enable-gd \ –with-gettext \ –with-iconv-dir \ –with-kerberos \ –with-libdir=lib64 \ –with-mysqli \ –with-openssl \ –with-pdo-mysql \ –with-jpeg \ –with-xmlrpc \ –with-zlib \ –with-zip \ –enable-fpm \ –enable-inline-optimization \ –enable-mbregex \ –enable-mbstring \ –enable-pcntl \ –enable-soap \ –enable-sockets \ –enable-sysvsem \ –enable-sysvshm \ –enable-xml

配置时报错如下，提示libzip的版本未达到要求，要求libzip版本0.11或以上。卸载libzip并编译安装libzip，然后在重新生成PHP配置文件前，使用EXPORT命令指定libzip库文件的位置。

checking for libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0… no configure: error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met: No package libzip found No package libzip found No package libzip found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBZIP_CFLAGS and LIBZIP_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details.

卸载低版本的libzip

yum -y remove libzip

下载高版本libzip并安装，以安装libzip1.2.0为例。

cd /opt/software wget https://nih.at/libzip/libzip-1.2.0.tar.gz tar -zxvf libzip-1.2.0.tar.gz cd libzip-1.2.0

配置libzip

./configure

编译并安装libzip

make && make install

指定libzip库文件的位置

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=”/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/”

4、重新生成PHP配置文件

cd /opt/software/php-7.4.19 ./configure \ –prefix=/usr/local/php \ –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ –with-fpm-user=nginx \ –with-fpm-group=nginx \ –with-curl \ –enable-gd \ –with-gettext \ –with-iconv-dir \ –with-kerberos \ –with-libdir=lib64 \ –with-mysqli \ –with-openssl \ –with-pdo-mysql \ –with-jpeg \ –with-xmlrpc \ –with-zlib \ –with-zip \ –enable-fpm \ –enable-inline-optimization \ –enable-mbregex \ –enable-mbstring \ –enable-pcntl \ –enable-soap \ –enable-sockets \ –enable-sysvsem \ –enable-sysvshm \ –enable-xml

看到如下输出，说明生成php的配置文件成功。 Thank you for using PHP. 3、编译PHP

make -j 4

4、安装PHP

make -j 4 install

5、准备PHP的配置文件

cp /opt/software/php-7.4.19/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cp /opt/software/php-7.4.19/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /usr/local/php/ cd /usr/local/php/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf cd php-fpm.d cp www.conf.default www.conf

6、php-fpm加入systemctl管理新建php-fpm.service文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

php-fpm.service内容如下：

[Unit] Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=simple PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm –nodaemonize –fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -SIGINT $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

7、启动php-fpm、查看php状态

systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载系统服务 systemctl start php-fpm #启动php-fpm systemctl status php-fpm #查看php-fpm状态 systemctl enable php-fpm #设置php-fpm开机启动

步骤六：安装WordPress前的准备

1、解压WordPress

cd /opt/softwaretar -zxvf wordpress-5.7-zh_CN.tar.gz

2、创建wordpress工作目录，将wordpress程序复制到此目录 mkdir -p /data/wordpress cp -pR /opt/software/wordpress/* /data/wordpress/

3、目录授权

chown -R nginx:nginx /data/wordpress find /data/wordpress -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; #目录设置755权限 find /data/wordpress -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; #文件设置644权限

4、配置Nginx

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

大约在第44行，根目录设置为 /data/wordpress 第45行添加index.php 修改后的location上下文配置如下：

location / { root /data/wordpress; index index.php index.html index.htm; }

删除第65至71行的#号注释符，root目录修改为 /data/wordpress，/scripts$fastcgi_script_name 修改为：$document_root$fastcgi_script_name 第65至71行初始配置如下：

#location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #}

修改后的配置如下：

location ~ \.php$ { root /data/wordpress; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }

检查配置文件的配置是否正确，看到如下输出，代表配置正确。

[root@Linux conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

重新加载Nginx配置文件

systemctl reload nginx

查看Nginx的运行状态

systemctl status nginx